Metamateria(فراماده)

1. Metamaterials are exotic composite materials. Metamaterials are artificial structures that display properties beyond those available in naturally occuring materials. Instead of constructing materials at the chemical level, as is ordinarily done, these are constructed with two or more materials at the macroscopic level. One of the defining paradigms of the new metamaterials is that these macroscopically composed materials do not occur in nature. Another defining paradigm is that the "electromagnetic response results from the macroscopic patterning or arrangement of two or more distinct materials." These materials, in fact extend the range of electromagnetic patterns that are available, because of the fact that they are not found in nature.                                                                                 ^{[1 ]}   
2. According to The Research Group of David R. Smith, "Over the last several years there has been a surge of interest in artificial materials because of their potential to expand the range of electromagnetic properties in materials. In a paper published in 2001, Rodger Walser from the University of Texas, Austin, coined the term 'metamaterial' to refer to artificial composites that '...achieve material performance beyond the limitations of conventional composites.' The definition was subsequently expanded by Valerie Browning and Stu Wolf of DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) in the context of the DARPA Metamaterials program that started also in 2001. Their basic definition: Metamaterials are a new class of ordered composites that exhibit exceptional properties not readily observed in nature. While the original metamaterials definition encompassed many more material properties, most of the subsequent scientific activity has centered on the electromagnetic properties of metamaterials gains its properties from its structure rather than directly from its composition